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Showing posts with label General Medicine. Show all posts
Showing posts with label General Medicine. Show all posts
Monday, 20 April 2020
BENIGN EPITHELIAL LESIONS or DISORDERS
Saturday, 18 April 2020
CALCIUM METABOLISM
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Lymphnode Examination
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For Ppt : http://www.mediafire.com/file/pwr4cbxmeph38ae/Lymphnode+examination.pptx
For Doc : http://www.mediafire.com/file/py0l0o825tgcoj3/LYMPH++NODE++EXAMINATION.docx
LYMPH NODE EXAMINATION
THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
·
Lymphatic
system is a closed system of channels called lymph channels or lymph vessels.
It is the one way system and the lymph flows through this from tissue system
towards blood.
Lymph
·
Lymph
is a transudate from blood & contains the same proteins as in plasma but in
smaller amounts.
·
It
mainly consists of lymphocytes.
Lymphatic vessels
·
Lymphatic
vessel includes lymph capillaries & larger lymph vessels.
Lymph capillaries are similar to blood capillaries,
but adapted to have much greater permeability.
they are found in most tissues of the body, except avascular tissues
like cornea, hair, nails etc.
Larger lymph vessels
·
They
have structure similar to that of veins.
·
Lymph
capillaries join together to form large lymph vessels.
·
THORACIC
DUCT is the largest lymph vessel in the body.
Lymph nodes
·
They
are bean shaped organs found in clusters along the lymphatic channels of the
body.
·
They
are mainly composed of lymphoid tissue.
Structure of
lymph node
·
Lymph
node consists of a connective tissue framework, with numerous lymphocytes and
other cells fill the interstices of the network.
·
Lymph
node is surrounded by a capsule made of collagen fibres. Numerous septa run
into the node from the capsule and divide it into lobules.
Friday, 17 April 2020
Sunday, 15 March 2015
Oral Cancer
For Ppt: http://www.mediafire.com/download/38acan3lrsj634h/Growth&development_clinical_application_(2).pptx
For word file : http://www.mediafire.com/download/2ttbi2l098slnot/Oral_Cancer.docx
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION TO ORAL CANCER
TUMOR
— By definition is an abnormal mass of tissue,
growth of which exceeds and is
uncoordinated with that of normal
tissues and persists in the same excessive manner, after the cessation of the stimuli that evokes the
changes.
— Tumor can either be benign &
malignant.
— Benign tumors are NOT CANCER……..
— Benign tumors are rarely
life-threatening.
— Generally, benign tumors can be
removed, and they usually do not grow back.
— do not invade the tissues around them. and do not spread to other parts of the
body. Malignant tumors may be life-threatening
Thursday, 12 March 2015
Viral Infection in Oral Cavity
INTRODUCTION
Virus is a Latin word which means venom or poison. The size of the viruses
varies in millimicrons.
It
consist of central core of DNA or RNA.Virally infected cells produce the same type of
nucleic acid so susceptibility of cells infection may be increased. Viruses cause
certain infectious diseases and produce long-lasting immunity against
reinfection by the same virus.
In addition , there are many neoplasm can be caused
due to the viral infection. The classification of virus is difficult because of
size of viruses and their incompletely understood metabolic systems. However,
their classification based on biologic, chemical and physical properties of the
animal viruses, separating them into groups according to the type of nucleic
acid, and the size, shape and substructure of particle has been undertaken by
the International Committee on Nomenclature of Viruses of the International
Association of Microbiological Societies.
CLASSIFICATION OF MAJOR VIRUS GROUPS AND DISEASE
DNA VIRUS RNA VIRUS
A) Herpes
Virus
1) Herpes Simplex
2) Varicella/ herpes zoster
3) Cytomegalic/ inclusion disease
4) Epstein- Barr Virus
−
Infectious
Mononucleosis
B) Pox
Virus
1) Small Pox
2) Molluscum Contagiosm
C) Adeno
Virus
1) Pharyngo Conjunctival Fever
2) Epidemic Kerato conjuntivitis
D) Parvo
Virus
E) Irido Virus
F) Papova
Virus
1)Human
Warts or Papillomas
2) Tumorogenic Viruses
|
A) Orthomyxo
Virus
1) Influenza
B) Paramyxo
Virus
1) Measles
2) Mumps
C) Rhabdo
Virus
1) Rabies
2) Hemorrhagic fever
D) Arena Virus
1) Lymphocytic
Choriomeningitis
2) Lassa Fever
E) Calci Virus
F) Coona Virus
1) Upper Respiratory Infection
G) Bunya
Virus
H) Picorna
Virus
1) Poliomyelitis
2) Coxsackie disease
3) Common Cold
4) Foot & Mouth Disease
5) Encephalomyocarditis
I) Reo
Virus
T) Toga
Virus
1) Rubella
2) Yellow fever
3) St. Lovis Encephalitis
K) Retro
Virus
( RNA Tumour Virus )
|
Thursday, 8 March 2012
Infection
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http://www.mediafire.com/?qb1y9whlpow8gyv
CONTENTS
HOST-PARASITE INTERACTION
1.SAPROPHYTES:
Free-living microbes that live on dead or decaying org.matter . They are generally unable to invade the living body . However,when the host resistance is lowered may cause infection.
2.PARASITE:
—
RELATED TERMS
1.COMMENSALS:
Commensals live in complete harmony with the host without causing any harm to it.
2.PATHOGEN:
Microorganism capable of producing disease in the host.
3.OPPURTUNISTIC PATHOGENS:
Some commensals can produce disease when host resistance is lowered.
—
—
4)PATHOGENICITY:
It refers to the ability of a class of microbes to produce disease.
5)VIRULENCE:
Degree of pathogenicity of a microbe.
— FACTORS PREDISPOSING TO MICROBIAL PATHOGENICITY
Determinants of virulence
1.ADHESION:
—The initial event in the pathogenesis is the attachment of bacteria to body surfaces .The adhesive structures are named as adhesins .Adhesins usually occur as fimbria or fibrillae and pili or as colonisation factors.
2.INVASIVENESS:
This ability of an organism to spread within the host tissues after establishing infection.Highly invasive pathogens produce spreading or generalised lesions,while less invasive pathogens cause localised lesions.
—
3.ANTIPHAGOCYTIC FACTORS:
Macrophages and polymorphs play role in phagocytosis of microbes. Factors which opposes phagocytosis for survival of bacteria:
a)CAPSULE: Capsule contributes to the virulence of bacteria by preventing phagocytosis . Non capsulated variants usually exhibit low virulence
b)STREPTOCOCCAL M PROTIEN : The M protein present on the surface of Gp A streptococci binds both fibrinogen and fibrin to the bacterial cell wall thus masking the bacterial receptors from the complement
—
—
c)CYTOTOXIN: Cytotoxins produced by certain bacteria interfere with chemotaxis or kill the phagocyte.Staph.aureus produces haemolysins and leukocidin.
d)BACTERIAL SURFACE ANTIGENS: Vi antigen of S.typhi and K antigen of E.coli enable these bacteria to resist phagocytosis and lytic activity of complement.
—
4.SURVIVAL WITHIN THE PHAGOCYTE:
Ingestion of a microbe by a phagocyte results in the formation of a phagholysosome by the fusion of phagosome with lysosome.Any organism which interferes with the formation of phagolysosome can survive intracellularly.
5.BACTERIAL TOXINS:
2 types.
a)Endotoxin
b)Exotoxin
—
Wednesday, 12 October 2011
Tuesday, 11 October 2011
Monday, 10 October 2011
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