DISTRACTION OSTEOGENISIS Part 2

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DISTRACTION OSTEOGENISIS Part 1

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MANAGEMENT OF IMPACTED CANINE Part 2

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MANAGEMENT OF IMPACTED CANINE Part1

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INTERDISCIPLINARY ORTHODONTICS Part 2

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INTERDISCIPLINARY ORTHODONTICS Part 1

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Lymphnode Examination

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 LYMPH  NODE  EXAMINATION

THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

·         Lymphatic system is a closed system of channels called lymph channels or lymph vessels. It is the one way system and the lymph flows through this from tissue system towards blood.

Lymph

·         Lymph is a transudate from blood & contains the same proteins as in plasma but in smaller amounts.

·         It mainly consists of lymphocytes.

Lymphatic vessels

·         Lymphatic vessel includes lymph capillaries & larger lymph vessels.

Lymph capillaries are similar to blood capillaries, but adapted to have much greater permeability.

they are found in most tissues of the body, except avascular tissues like cornea, hair, nails etc.

Larger lymph vessels

·         They have structure similar to that of veins.

·         Lymph capillaries join together to form large lymph vessels.

·         THORACIC DUCT is the largest lymph vessel in the body.

Lymph nodes

·         They are bean shaped organs found in clusters along the lymphatic channels of the body.

·         They are mainly composed of lymphoid tissue.

Structure of lymph node

·         Lymph node consists of a connective tissue framework, with numerous lymphocytes and other cells fill the interstices of the network.

·         Lymph node is surrounded by a capsule made of collagen fibres. Numerous septa run into the node from the capsule and divide it into lobules.

BENIGN AND MALIGNANT TUMOR OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE

 

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POST EXTRACTION INSTRUCTIONS

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RETENTION AND RELAPSE PART 2

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RETENTION AND RELAPSE - PART 1

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OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA ( BRIEF)

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Oral Cancer

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CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION TO ORAL CANCER

TUMOR

—   By definition is an abnormal mass of tissue, growth  of which exceeds and is uncoordinated  with that of normal tissues and persists in the same excessive manner, after  the cessation of the stimuli that evokes the changes.

—  Tumor can either be benign & malignant.

—  Benign tumors are NOT CANCER……..

—  Benign tumors are rarely life-threatening.

—  Generally, benign tumors can be removed, and they usually do not grow back.

— do not invade the tissues around them. and do not spread to other parts of the body. Malignant  tumors  may be life-threatening

Deep Cervical Fascia

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CONTENT

INTRODUCTION

•       Fascia means fibrous connective tissue which binds together various structures of the body

•       Deep cervical fascia  is deep fascia forms a collar around the neck

•       Lies deep to platysma muscle in the interval between  muscles, vessels & organs of the cervical region

•       Gives various extensions or laminae around various structures of the neck

                                           

LAYERS OF DEEP CERVICAL FASCIA

1. Investing Layer of deep Cervical Fascia
2. Pretracheal layer
3. Prevertebral layer
4. Carotid Sheath
5. Buccopharyngeal fascia
6. Temporal fascia
7. Pharyngobasilar fascia

INVESTING LAYER OF DEEP CERVICAL FASCIA

ATTACHMENTS

·         Superiorly : External occipital protuberance, mastoid process, external acoustic meatus, base of the mandible

·         Inferiorly   : Spine of scapula, acromion process, clavicle, manubrium sterni

·         Anteriorly  : Symphisis menti , Hyoid bone & continuous with the fascia of the fascia of the opposite side

·         Posteriorly : 7^th cervical vertebra, ligamentum nuchae